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Note: Unless the context shows otherwise, all answers here were provided by Rajiv and were compiled and reported by our editorial team from comments, blog and community calls on immigration.com. Where transcribed from audio/video, a verbatim transcript is provided. Therefore, it may not conform to the written grammatical or syntactical form.

1. Your obligation is complete when the government physically receives your papers with the proper filing fees. After that, if they delay in creating the receipt it's really not your problem. As long as you can show that the papers were sent and received by the government. 
2. The answer is No. Let's say that they did leave, then they’re I-130 would still go on but their I-485 would be abandoned and you would have to convert the case to consular processing. 
3. They are automatically eligible to stay because once their I-485 is timely filed, they are considered to be an authorized period of stay. They cannot be illegal as long as the I-485 is pending.  
 

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Note: Unless the context shows otherwise, all answers here were provided by Rajiv and were compiled and reported by our editorial team from comments, blog and community calls on immigration.com. Where transcribed from audio/video, a verbatim transcript is provided. Therefore, it may not conform to the written grammatical or syntactical form.

Since you have already entered and resumed the same job you are still considered to be on H-1B. There is nothing to get back to.
Yes, you can. Although you have traveled on advance parole you should be able to file EB-2 interfiling. 
For more information you can also visit my blog:
https://immigration.com/blogs/adjustment-status-transferring-basis-i-48…
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Note: Unless the context shows otherwise, all answers here were provided by Rajiv and were compiled and reported by our editorial team from comments, blog and community calls on immigration.com. Where transcribed from audio/video, a verbatim transcript is provided. Therefore, it may not conform to the written grammatical or syntactical form.

I would suggest you sit with your lawyers and figure out if there is a possibility of starting another green card with this employer, while this case is still going on. Because, if you are able to preserve your priority date and get another green card approval through PERM and the employer has the ability to pay wages, then it makes more sense to file another green card through this employer or through any other employer.
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Note: Unless the context shows otherwise, all answers here were provided by Rajiv and were compiled and reported by our editorial team from comments, blog and community calls on immigration.com. Where transcribed from audio/video, a verbatim transcript is provided. Therefore, it may not conform to the written grammatical or syntactical form.

The moment your I-140 is approved your priority date is yours to keep. It can only be revoked if there is fraud, misrepresentation or some gross error in your paperwork. You can leave this employer and go somewhere else. You will have to start the green card all over again but you keep that date.
On the other hand, if the I-140 stays approved for 180 days without withdrawal or revocation you also have the right to keep extending your H-1B beyond six years with any employer until your priority date becomes current, when you are supposed to have filed the I-485. Your wife also has the right to keep extending her H-4EAD based upon your H-1B extensions. The I-140 upon approval immediately gives you the priority date to keep forever. That priority date can be transferred across visa categories and job categories. Once the I-140 is approved and stays approved for 180 days you have the right to extend your H-1B through any employer beyond six years, even if you left the employer 10 days after filing the I-140. Therefore you don't have to maintain the job for 180 days. Your I-140 must remain unrevoked for 180 days.

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Note: Unless the context shows otherwise, all answers here were provided by Rajiv and were compiled and reported by our editorial team from comments, blog and community calls on immigration.com. Where transcribed from audio/video, a verbatim transcript is provided. Therefore, it may not conform to the written grammatical or syntactical form.

The answer is yes on both counts. The law does not require you to hold the green card job presently. Talk to your lawyers about it and make sure everything else is in order. However, if someone is outside the U.S. he or she can continue to process his or her green card.
 

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Note: Unless the context shows otherwise, all answers here were provided by Rajiv and were compiled and reported by our editorial team from comments, blog and community calls on immigration.com. Where transcribed from audio/video, a verbatim transcript is provided. Therefore, it may not conform to the written grammatical or syntactical form.

1. The reply is “No”. They cannot because employer B’s EB-3 was inherited by employer C, and you never filed a I-485 so that cannot be used.

2. Either go back to the first employer if they have a job offer. You can actually apply for a I485 without joining but this should be discussed with your lawyers in detail. Hence you could file for a I-485 based upon the job offer and I-140 which was approved through employer A but if you want to stick with employer C either you stick with EB-3 or you start another PERM application through them for your EB-2 categorization.

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Note: Unless the context shows otherwise, all answers here were provided by Rajiv and were compiled and reported by our editorial team from comments, blog and community calls on immigration.com. Where transcribed from audio/video, a verbatim transcript is provided. Therefore, it may not conform to the written grammatical or syntactical form.

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Note: Unless the context shows otherwise, all answers here were provided by Rajiv and were compiled and reported by our editorial team from comments, blog and community calls on immigration.com. Where transcribed from audio/video, a verbatim transcript is provided. Therefore, it may not conform to the written grammatical or syntactical form.