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If you are on an F-1 visa converted from B-2, your visa stamp is only necessary if you plan to travel outside the U.S. While in the U.S., your status is governed by your I-94, which typically says "DS" (duration of status) and remains valid as long as you maintain your student status.

If traveling briefly to Canada or Mexico for under 30 days, you can use Automatic Visa Revalidation (AVR) to return without a visa stamp, provided you haven’t applied for and been refused a visa during your visit. Scheduling visa stamping in Canada is risky—if denied, you lose AVR eligibility and must return to India to reapply.

If you are filing an I-130 for your parent, they can generally travel to the U.S. on a visitor visa while the petition is pending. Theoretically, they could face issues at entry due to the pending green card application, but in practice, parents of U.S. citizens are rarely stopped for this reason.

To reduce the risk of being denied entry, consider having your parent use an immigration pre-clearance airport, like Abu Dhabi or Dublin, so they can return home easily if denied. While past practices suggest minimal issues, policies could change, especially under unpredictable administrations.

 

1. Sure.  If you're not in the US, you can go anywhere. Please review my post on the immigration.com blog and my article in the Economic Times.

2. If you think it will be difficult to find a job for a long time and are okay with returning to school and earning another degree, you should consider CPT an option. If you do not think you'll get a job relatively quickly, you should try the B-1/B-2 option. People have been getting extensions to B-1/B-2. 

If you experience a layoff while on H-1B status, you receive a 60-day grace period. If you secure a new H-1B approval and face another layoff, you'll receive a fresh 60-day grace period. This applies to H-1B transfers and extensions. As for obtaining a B-1/B-2 visa for job searching after a layoff, while there's no official measure of difficulty, the approval rates appear to be consistently positive, with no reported denials.

The H-1B 60-day grace period starts the day after your last pay period or working day, whichever is later. It's best to apply for a B1/B2 visa around the 50th–55th day (depending on how you apply online or by email) if transitioning and an F-1 visa if planning to study. The grace period counts toward the H-1B six-year cap, but B-1/-B2 time does not. For detailed scenarios and advice, refer to the video.

Yes, you can generally stay in the US while your B-2 extension or F-1 change of status application is pending, provided you file it before your current status expires. This applies to most applications filed while still in status (e.g., H-1, B-1, B-2, L-1, E-1, E-2). If your I-94 expires on April 21st and you apply for a B-2 extension or F-1 change of status before that date, you can stay in the US while your application is pending because you filed it timely.

Yes, it may be possible for the mother to obtain a B-1/B-2 visa and potentially extend her stay in the US to help her children who are on H-1 visas. While not explicitly stated in law, there's a policy principle, often related to "cohabiting partners" as outlined in the State Department's Foreign Affairs Manual, that allows for B-1/B-2 visas in situations where close relationships exist, but dependents don't qualify for F-2 or H-4 status (like a parent of an H-1B holder).

This approach has been used successfully in the past for extended stays. However, it's not guaranteed and can be subject to the discretion of individual immigration officers. There's a risk of encountering issues or receiving requests for further evidence that may not make sense, requiring further action.

The process for filing a B2 extension for job searching after an H1B layoff is the same as the initial B2 application, using Form I-539. However, the supporting letter and evidence should detail your job search efforts, including companies contacted and resumes sent, and demonstrate sufficient financial resources to avoid unauthorized employment. While an attorney isn't strictly necessary for most cases, it can provide peace of mind, especially if you have the means. If you receive a Request for Evidence (RFE), you can always hire an attorney at that stage.